Controlling behavior and empathy can have a complex relationship. Individuals who exhibit controlling behaviors may still possess the capacity for empathy, but various factors can influence how and when they express it.

1. Empathy Variability- Some controlling individuals may have empathy but might not express it in their relationships due to their focus on maintaining control or dominance. Their empathy could be selective, extended only to certain people or under specific conditions, which doesn’t excuse controlling behavior but explains the complexity of human emotions and relationships.
2. Underlying Issues- Controlling behavior can stem from deep-seated insecurities, fears, or past traumas. In these cases, a person’s empathetic abilities might be overshadowed by their need for control as a coping mechanism to manage anxiety or vulnerability. This doesn’t mean they’re incapable of empathy; rather, their controlling behavior is a barrier to healthily expressing it.
3. Cognitive vs. Emotional Empathy- It’s also helpful to distinguish between cognitive empathy (understanding someone else’s perspective) and emotional empathy (feeling what another person feels). Some controlling individuals might possess cognitive empathy, allowing them to recognize and understand others’ emotions. Still, they may lack emotional empathy, preventing them from fully connecting with or valuing those feelings, especially if acknowledging them would undermine their perceived control.
4. Personality Disorders- In some cases, controlling behavior may be associated with personality disorders, such as narcissistic or antisocial personality disorder. Individuals with these disorders can exhibit a lack of empathy, which contributes to their controlling behavior. Not all controlling people have personality disorders, and not all people with personality disorders are controlling.
5. Capacity for Change- Empathy can be developed and enhanced. With self-awareness and effort, including therapy or counseling, individuals can work on understanding and mitigating their controlling behaviors and improving their empathetic responses. This process can help them form healthier, more balanced relationships.

While controlling behavior can sometimes suggest a lack of empathy, the reality is often more nuanced. Empathy levels in controlling individuals can vary widely, influenced by personal history, psychological factors, and the distinction between different types of empathy. Understanding these nuances is crucial for addressing controlling behavior effectively, whether through personal growth, professional help, or in the context of relationships.